6aTeam+One.Crypto-Jews

Discovering the history of Hidden Jews in three countries A WebQuest for Jewish Teens in 11th/12th Grade Designed by  Debbie Aron, Sandra Lilienthal, Ruth Schapira debbiearon2@gmail.com , yeladot18@gmail.com  , ruthschapira@gmail.com

Introduction: This webquest seeks to provide 11th and 12th graders with resources to discover how groups of Jews struggled to maintain and reclaim their Jewish identity after forced conversion and exile.

Between the 13th and the 15th centuries, many Jewish communities in Europe ceased to exist. The Spanish Inquisition in 1458 was responsible for exiling thousands and thousands of Jews. Persecuted, Jews were forced to convert or die. Many chose to convert to save their lives, but deep down they remained Jews. These Jews left their homes and families, leaving all possessions behind, including any gold, silver, and money---never to return. Many generations later, their descendants are spread out around the world, keeping some family customs that have been handed down generation after generation. Where did they go? What happened to them when they settled in other lands? Did they retain their unique heritage or did they blend into other cultures? What did the thousands of Jews who left Spain do? To what extent did the Jews who left Spain to settle in Brazil, Portugal, and North America hold onto their Jewish Heritage? What would you have done?

Through this WebQuest, you’ll discover answers to these questions, and by going back in time you’ll discover how customs, traditions, heritage, and identity are stronger than we can imagine. What you learn may affect the ways you think about your own Jewish Identity.

The Task: Your task is to find out what happened to Jews in the Iberic Peninsula in the 15th century who were converted by force then exiled. Where did they end up? How did they get to where they are? What happened to the customs and beliefs of their ancestors? How do they relate to Judaism now, if at all? The class will explore three different Crypto- Jewish communities: Portugal, Brazil, and New Mexico and will prepare presentations about them.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Process:
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">First you'll be assigned to a team of 3-5 students.
 * 2) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">One group will research where the several different communities of Crypto-Jews are located and prepare a world map identifying these communities.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Here is a tutorial for GoogleMaps for the group that is creating the map: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[|YouTube video on My Maps in Google Maps]


 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The other three groups will each research/explore one specific community of Crypto-Jews in either New Mexico, Brazil, or Portugal. Your team will vote for which country you’d like to research <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.
 * 2) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Once your teacher approves this, begin researching the subject using the sources below.
 * 3) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">As you explore, create a definition of terms that your team will need to be familiar with.
 * 4) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Your team will then have these choices for a final presentation to the class:

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">⬀Create an historical time-line for what happened to the Jewish population in your country from the Inquisition to the present. Include any images or photos that will enhance this. See this website for help and tips for creating a timeline in Word: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">⬀Write and present a broadcast explaining this as a late-breaking news story. See this website for tips on creating an Opinion/Editorial story: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">⬀Create an educational video explaining this story, upload to Youtube.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 36pt; vertical-align: baseline;">⬀Create a powerpoint that will demonstrate your research to the class.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Before you begin, please take a look at the following websites for an overview on the subject. You will have to choose three of the websites below. Discover what the term Crypto-Jews means:

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (The Story of Secret and Converted Jews)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Now that each team has selected a particular country to explore, use the sites below to find more information about the Crypto-Jews in the country you chose.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Brazil: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Portugal: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (Read this diary of Americans, some of them just “returning” to Judaism, who made a trip to Portugal to learn about their Portugese Jewish roots) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Watch the documentary: The Last Marranos: []

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">New Mexico: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (Read section on North America from the Early Colonial Period, Nuevo Leon to the current times.)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mistaken Identity: The Case of New Mexico’s “Hidden Jews” <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">DNA clears the Fog over Latino Links to Judaism in New Mexico: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0000ff; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Hispanics Uncovering Roots as Inquisition’s “Hidden Jews”: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A journal report about Crypto-Jews in the Southwest, see pgs. 14-15 on New Mexico: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Read an interview with a photographer in New Mexico who became interested in Crypto-Jews: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Evaluation: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Students will be evaluated as a group for this project based on the following criteria: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Developing <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Accomplished <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Exemplary <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Score  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Demonstrates knowledge of Crypto-Jews in their historical context, geographical locations, terminology, and customs || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Very little content included in presentation which references Crypto-Jewish history, geography, terminology or customs  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Crypto-Jews are described in the project by their present day locations but little history is presented. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Project includes definition of Crypto-Jews in their historical context, locations, and customs || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Thorough definition of Crypto-Jews in history, referencing other terms that have been used, geography. and customs ||   || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Presentation || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Presentation <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">lacks organization, <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">without evidence that group has found ways to tie together themes of Crypto-Jewish life in various communities. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Presentation addresses pertinent questions of Crypto-Jewish life, but could be better organized || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Presentation covers requested themes of Crypto-Jewish life in various communities and shows evidence of integration of group members’ work into an organized whole. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Thorough coverage of Crypto-Jewish life in various communities, with exceptional organizational style. Presentation is both clearly presented and offers evidence of integrated group work. ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Use of multi-media or a unique angle in content presentation is evident. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">High level of creativity in evidence, with exceptional use of media, or a fresh perspective in looking at the material presented on Crypto-Jewry. ||  ||
 * || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Beginning
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Content Mastery:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Effectiveness of
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Use of Web Resources || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Presentation does not demonstrate knowledge of material offered in targeted web resources. No additional resources are offered, and/or they are improperly credited.  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Presentation reflects utilization of preferred web resources, but no new resources were offered by group, or are improperly credited.  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Content of presentation clearly reflects material offered in targeted web resources. Some new research is evident in additional cited resources.  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Evidence of thorough research of web resources, through examples from teacher’s resources and new sites offered by group. All web resources are properly credited and cited.  ||   ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Creativity || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Material is not presented through creative means. There is little utilization of media or reflection of efforts to make the content fresh and meaningful to the viewer.  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Some efforts at creative presentation are evident, but group had difficulty mastering media or other presentation tools.  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Material is presented creatively, demonstrating attention to the experience of the viewer/learner.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Conclusion: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">You have learned a lot about the Crypto-Jews, and how Jewish identity is so important to them that they have kept it going for over five centuries. Now, think about your Jewish identity and how it is important to you. How do you show your Jewish identity? What in Judaism is an important part of your life? These are questions you will ask yourself throughout your life.The answers might change, but you will be able to explore how different parts of Judaism are an integral part of who you are!

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Credits & References: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Book images taken from <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[|amazon.com] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">All other sites where information was collected are listed above.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Additional Resources for Further Learning: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">FILMS
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Toledo--the Hidden Secret <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> directed by Jack Matitiahu

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: underline; text-indent: 36pt; vertical-align: baseline;">[]
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Salonica <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">directed by Paolo Poloni

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: underline; text-indent: 36pt; vertical-align: baseline;">[]
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Turkey's Sephardim: 500 Years <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">directed by Laurence Salzmann

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Discover More! <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The link below has resources on books, poems, organizations, and more: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[]